Information : GES Limited - Legionella
Legionella
What is legionnaires' disease?
Legionnaires' disease is a type of pneumonia. It was named after an outbreak of severe pneumonia which affected members attending a meeting of the American Legion in 1976. It is an uncommon but serious disease. The illness occurs more frequently in men than women. It usually affects middle-aged or elderly people and it more commonly affects smokers or people with other chest problems. Legionnaires' disease is uncommon in younger people and is very uncommon under the age of 20. About half the cases of legionnaires' disease are caught abroad. The other half are the result of infections acquired in the UK.
Legionella Causes
It is disappointing that experts on the radio & television concentrate their attention on air cooling systems, air-conditioning systems & cooling tower waters.
Legionella bacteria are ubiquitous, they can be found in almost all water systems including: Spa Baths, Showers, Hot & Cold Water Systems etc.
How do people get it?
The germ which causes legionnaires' disease is a bacterium called Legionella pneumophila. People catch legionnaires' disease by inhaling small droplets of water suspended in the air which contain the Legionella bacterium. However, most people who are exposed to Legionella do not become ill. Legionnaires' disease does not spread from person to person.
Where does it come from?
The bacterium which causes legionnaires' disease is widespread in nature. It mainly lives in water, for example ponds, where it does not usually cause problems. Outbreaks occur from purpose-built water systems where temperatures are warm enough to encourage growth of the bacteria, eg in cooling towers, evaporative condensers and whirlpool spas (tradename Jaccuzi) and from water used for domestic purposes in buildings such as hotels.
Most community outbreaks in the UK have been linked to installations such as cooling towers or evaporative condensers which can spread droplets of water over a wide area. These are found as part of air-conditioning and industrial cooling systems.
What measures are there to control legionnaires' disease?
To prevent the occurrence of legionnaires' disease, companies which operate these systems must comply with regulations requiring them to manage, maintain and treat them properly. Amongst other things, this means that the water must be treated and the system cleaned regularly.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of legionnaires' disease are similar to the symptoms of the flu:
- high temperature, feverishness and chills;
- cough;
- muscle pains;
- headache; and leading on to pneumonia, very occasionally
- diarrhoea and signs of mental confusion
How is it treated?
The illness is treated with an antibiotic called erythromycin or a similar antibiotic.
What to do
If you develop the above symptoms and you are worried that it might be legionnaires' disease, see your general practitioner, because it is similar to the flu, it is not always easy to diagnose. A blood or urine test will be helpful in deciding whether an illness is or is not legionnaires' disease. When doctors are aware that the illness is present in the local community, they have a much better chance of diagnosing it earlier.
If you suspect that you may have got the illness as a consequence of your work then you are advised to report this to your manager, as well as your health and safety representative and occupational health department, if you have one. There is a legal requirement for employers to report cases of legionnaires' disease that may be acquired at their premises to the Health and Safety Executive
Legionella Prevention
Legionella: Are You Prepared?
Legionnaires disease can be acquired from numerous sources and installations. It is the responsibility of all proprietors, heads of home, head teachers and other site responsible persons to ensure they have a suitable and sufficient Risk Assessment carried out on the properties for which they are responsible
Ignorance is no defence in the event of problems
What does the law specify?
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Sections 2, 3 and 4, and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994, Regulation 6 a risk assessment is required by the Approved Code of Practice "Legionnaires' Disease: The Control of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems".
Therefore to comply with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 you must ensure that a suitable and sufficient risk assessment is carried out to assess the risk of exposure to legionella bacteria from work activities and water systems on the premises.
Legionella Outbreaks
Some outbreaks & their causes:
- Spa baths (exhibitions etc.) were a source of infection in 2000 - approximately 28 people died.
- Several people died when infected via a fruit/salad humidification system in Cardiff.
- A man contracted the disease via a hotel hot water system in Northampton.
- Several people have died after opening up for maintenance. CLOSED - chilled water systems.
- Some years ago several farmers in Australia died when they inhaled legionella bacteria during a composting process.
Legionnaires disease can be acquired from numerous sources and installations.
It is the responsibility of all proprietors, heads of home, head teachers etc. to ensure they have a suitable and sufficient Risk Assessment carried out on the properties for which they are responsible.
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